Nationalism in Eastern Europe free essay sample

19th 20th Cent. history of causes effects of nationalism core-periphery state relations in politics economics of Czechoslovakia, Hungary Poland. This research paper explores aspects of the complex inter-relationships between nationalism, as manifested in East Central Europe, and relations between core and periphery statesin that area within the modern world economic system. The paths nationalism took in East Central Europe in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were strongly, but by no means exclusively, influenced by the nature and content of the interactions between those states and certain great powers. Today, nationalism in the area remains a potent force. Definitions East Central Europe basically comprises the areas which make up modern Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland. Nationalism is the political expression of the desires of specific ethnic

Free Essays on Consumer Information Privacy

Privacy is a term with many meanings. The simple word 'privacy' has taken on so many different meanings in so many different corners of the law that it has largely ceased to convey any single coherent concept. The functions of a general commitment to the value of privacy as a part of the law are varied, and cannot be reduced to the amount of protection actually given to that value in the legal system †¦ the commitment to privacy is no different than the commitment to other values, such as freedom of expression or liberty [3]. In today's real world, there seems to be confusion in regard to what privacy is and what it is not. At one time, privacy implied that individuals could be secluded, but that has radically changed. Logistical barriers created by geography once protected a person. This too, though, has radically changed. The geographical wall of protection has been removed by the development of technology. The loss of these once formidable barriers has not been accounted for in the scholarship available today. Privacy can no longer be assumed, even in the security of one's own home. Instead, privacy is a condition that is much easier to violate, and thus, is much more difficult to establish and protect. In the online and offline worlds, the value of personal information - especially information about commercial purchases and preferences - has long been recognised. Exchanges and uses of personal information have also long sparked concerns about privacy. Public opinion surveys consistently indicate that overwhelming majorities of the public are concerned that they have lost all control over information about themselves and do not trust organisations to protect the privacy of their information. Uses of new technologies raise policy issues that are often defined in terms of invasion of privacy (REGAN, 1995). Supporting this argument, one analyst, Patricia Mell, notes that the use of computers to manage information has considerabl... Free Essays on Consumer Information Privacy Free Essays on Consumer Information Privacy Privacy is a term with many meanings. The simple word 'privacy' has taken on so many different meanings in so many different corners of the law that it has largely ceased to convey any single coherent concept. The functions of a general commitment to the value of privacy as a part of the law are varied, and cannot be reduced to the amount of protection actually given to that value in the legal system †¦ the commitment to privacy is no different than the commitment to other values, such as freedom of expression or liberty [3]. In today's real world, there seems to be confusion in regard to what privacy is and what it is not. At one time, privacy implied that individuals could be secluded, but that has radically changed. Logistical barriers created by geography once protected a person. This too, though, has radically changed. The geographical wall of protection has been removed by the development of technology. The loss of these once formidable barriers has not been accounted for in the scholarship available today. Privacy can no longer be assumed, even in the security of one's own home. Instead, privacy is a condition that is much easier to violate, and thus, is much more difficult to establish and protect. In the online and offline worlds, the value of personal information - especially information about commercial purchases and preferences - has long been recognised. Exchanges and uses of personal information have also long sparked concerns about privacy. Public opinion surveys consistently indicate that overwhelming majorities of the public are concerned that they have lost all control over information about themselves and do not trust organisations to protect the privacy of their information. Uses of new technologies raise policy issues that are often defined in terms of invasion of privacy (REGAN, 1995). Supporting this argument, one analyst, Patricia Mell, notes that the use of computers to manage information has considerabl...

Police and Victims Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Police and Victims - Case Study Example In Australia, there are two levels of police forces, the state police and the Australian Federal Police (AFP). The AFP is only 25 years old whilst State Police Forces were established in the 1800s The Australasian Institute of Policing (AIPol) is a non-industrial, not-for-profit incorporated association that has been established by practitioners, for practitioners to further the policing profession. As such, it is the professional body for Australian and New Zealand policing and has been established with the object to: The New South Wales Police Force (NSW Police Force; previously New South Wales Police Service & New South Wales Police) is the primary law enforcement agency in the State of New South Wales, Australia. (ASHWORTH, A 1987) It is an agency of the Government of New South Wales within the New South Wales Ministry for Police. Divided into eighty Local Area Commands (LAC),[1] the NSW Police Force consists of over five hundred local police stations and covers an area of 801,600 square kilometres whilst serving the state's population of seven million people.[2] Under the Police Regulation Act (1862), the organisation of the New South Wales Police Force was formally established in 1862 with the unification of all existing independent police units within New South Wales. The authority and responsibility of the entire police force was given to the Inspector General of Police.[3] Presently, the Commissioner of Police controls the police force. Crime and Justice System in Australia: The Commonwealth of Australia is federalist government composed of a national government and six State governments. The government of the Commonwealth is responsible for the enforcement of its own laws. The most frequently prosecuted Commonwealth offenses are those related to the importation of drugs and the violation of social security laws. Offenses against a person or against property occurring in Commonwealth facilities are also regarded as offenses against the Commonwealth. The States are primarily responsible for the development of criminal law. Queensland, Western Australia, and Tasmania are described as "code" States because they have enacted criminal codes which define the limits of the criminal law. The remaining three States, New South Wales, Victoria,and South Australia are regarded as common law States because they have not attempted codification. In practice, however, there is little ifference in the elements of the criminal law between the "code" and "common law" States. Local governments can pass

Ethical guidelines and sales standards Assignment

Ethical guidelines and sales standards - Assignment Example Thirdly, Marketing Research Association (2013) posits that no respondent or participant should be manipulated in the process of marketing the product particularly in the Help us Help you promotion involving a free makeover. In other words, the choice and opinion of the respondents must be respected. In this respect, the project participants in marketing Beauty Control must conform to this ethical principle. Fourthly, all information relating to the respondents or participants must be treated with utmost confidentiality (Marketing Research Association, 2013). This is in line to the fact that participants personal information such as credit card numbers may be used by third parties to commit a crime. In line with the United States sales standards outlined by Baxter Healthcare Corporation (2002), the Beauty Control product must be marketed in a fair and candid manner. For instance, the information given to the respondents or customers must conform with the information outlined on the label. Conversely, the marketers must not deliberately give false information to the customer or respondent in regards to all the relevant terms of sale such as pricing. It should also be unlawful for the marker to expect or request any kickbacks or bribes from the customers. All free promotions must be clearly outlined in the sales guidelines and effectively communicated to the markers in order to facilitate

The Problem with Polygamy in Indonesia Essay Example for Free

The Problem with Polygamy in Indonesia Essay Introduction Polygamy in Indonesia is legal. A man is permitted to have as many as four wives under the Muslim law. But Despite the low incident of polygamy in Indonesia, it has been a central issue in relations between the Indonesia women, and the state in the twentieth century. Indonesia women’s organizations have long wanted the state to legislate on this matter, yet it was most reluctant to do so until the passage of the marriage Law in 1974. After that the fire went out of the issue as far as women’s organizations were concerned, although â€Å"in very recent years† there has been a revival of interest. With respect to marital status, the census report stated that â€Å"among Indonesians† 75% of the adults’ males, and 68% of the adults’ females were married. However the number of married females was higher than the number of married adult males. The difference, amounting to 424,588 persons was in part due to the existence of polygamy. For Indonesia, approximately 25 % of the men had more than one wife (Salim 9). Why Polygamy Is Considered Wrong In Indonesia Indonesia women’s concern about polygamy are a complex mixture, touching on economic, emotional, social, sexual, moral, legal and religious aspect of marriage. The core of women’s concern was the threat of polygamy to a wife’s love and self esteem. Men have been given power to do what they want yet women are the ones suffering. When a husband took what is almost a younger girl as a new wife, repugnance at having to share a husbands sexual life with another women, and the threat to the economic basis of marriage when resources had to be spread amongst more wives and children. Women in a polygamous marriage always feel inferior towards other women in the same marriage and it often lead to jealousy, frustration and at times death (Day 28-29). Why Some Women Still Prefer Polygamy Relationships Some women still prefer polygamous relationship, if the man they are involved is a person of high position in a society. Sometimes you will hear women saying that it’s better to be married as a third wife to a rich man than a first wife to a poor man. That’s why at times you find women getting into these unions, maybe because of money, or a high position that a man holds. Women have been known to be associated in this form of relationship without caring. We can conclude that this mostly happens due to marriage security purposes (Survival). Better incomes would mean that these women could get married according to their choice and reduce the economic pressure experienced by women and children in polygamous marriages. Is Polygamy Related To Gender Discrimination In Indonesia? Ant-polygamist in Indonesia view polygamy as fundamentally undemocratic institution that perpetuates the subordination of women to men, and violates women’s basic rights. Unlike other issues, polygamy touches on a range of issues relating to gender difference, most particularly that of power within marriage. The practice of multiple marriages occurs only in families where the husband holds tremendous power, while the wife and children are in a powerless position. In other words, it is seen as a form of violence against women and children, and that Indonesia law continues to discriminate against women in allowing polygamy to exist in any form. Why should a man be privileged to have more than one legal sexual partner while women were prevented to have more than one legal sexual partner? Women in these relationships are also prevented from getting out of this relationship in case of violence, due to lack of immediate access to divorce (Susan 110-113). Conclusion Throughout the years, education and legal reforms have been regarded by most interested parties as the best ways of dealing with the problems associated with polygamy. They are viewed as the best in addressing the social causes and consequences. Since the state is heavily involved in education and legislation, it clearly has a role to play in dealing with the polygamy menace. Work Cited Day, Tony. Identifying with Freedom: Indonesia after Suharto. New York: Berghahn Books, 2007. Print. Susan Blackburn. Women and the State in Modern Indonesia. UK: Cambridge University Press 2004 .print Salim, Arskal. Sharia and Politics in Modern Indonesia. Singapore: Inst. of Southeast Asian Studies, 2003. Print.

Front Disk Brakes :: Automobiles Mechanics Essays

Front Disk Brakes For most people, driving a vehicle is a normal and every day process. On any given day, driving in city or town traffic one can experience a number of noises, by either their own, or somebody else’s vehicle. The most common sound made by the brakes of a vehicle is a light squeak, very high pitched and annoying. It may be time for new brakes, but wait; there could be a simpler fix. This paper is designed to educate the layman about brakes and give him or her some insight on how to fix them. I will concentrate on two common problems. Noise is probably what most people think of as the best indicator for repair, vibration is very a common problem, but noise will be discussed first. This paper will concentrate on the disk brake, but drum brakes are still very common in today’s cars and trucks. The fundamental difference between the two is how, and from what direction the force of the braking material contacts the braking surface. The disk brake uses a caliper that pinches the disk, which rides between the two brake pads on both sides. This lateral force squeezes the disk, and therefore stops it. The drum brake is shaped like a flat or square bell. It has brake shoes inside the drum and, when activated the shoes make contact with the inside of the drum’s surface. The misnomer about drum brakes are that people think the disk brake is better because they have more stopping power, but in terms of horsepower, the drum brake is more efficient. This comes with a drawback though, drum brakes get hotter faster than disk brakes, this cusses brake fade. In other words, disk brakes dispense heat better. The use of lighter weight materials, smaller cars, anti-locking systems, and power-assisted brakes has left the drum brake a part of the past. Keep this in mind first, especially if your vehicle has less than sixty or seventy thousand miles on it. The disk brake pad is usually the first component to wear first. Most domestic pads have little pieces of spring steel attached to them in order to warn the driver the pad has approximately 15% of the brake pad left. Under normal conditions the pad can be replaced and the surface of the rotor machined to ensure the coefficient of friction and lateral run-out are within specifications.

Little Rock Nine Essay

The picture I am painting is of Little Rock Nine. It was about nine black kids who enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957 which was a very segregated time; it was an all white school. When white people found out black kids was going to be attending the school they was furious. They reacted poorly; there were mobs of white people waiting for the kids outside of the school. They yelled racist slurs at the black kids, threw food, and even attacked them. In the picture I’m drawing is Elizabeth Eckford, she was one of the nine students. She didn’t graduate from Little Rock Central High School though only Earnest Green, Jefferson Thomas, and Carlotta Walls graduated. In the picture she is wearing glasses and walking through the crowd as they screamed in her face, she never lost her composure; she kept calm as if they weren’t even around. Little Rock Nine was important in the Civil Rights movement because they were the first black students to be allowed to attend an all white high school, after the use of segregation was deemed unconstitutional. The event is considered very important to the Civil Rights Movement, because it was supported by the president at the time Dwight D. Eisenhower and because it gave insight into the plight of the African American, and how poorly they were treated. What struck me about this moment in history is how the nine kids didn’t quit even though white people tormented them. That type of drive inspires me to never give up even when times get hard because there will always be a good outcome out of every bad situation, even if you don’t see it right away, because when your down you can only go up.